Training
Fire Training and Hands-On Extinguishing in Bursa
We teach fire prevention, choosing and using the right extinguisher, evacuation and team duties through theory and hands-on practice, and we combine the training with your emergency plan and drill.
- Legal basis
- Law No. 6331, Art. 11; Emergency and Fire Protection regulations
- Who it is for
- The firefighting team first, ideally all employees
- Practice
- With real extinguishers in a safe open area
- Drill
- At least one firefighting and evacuation drill a year
Who must receive fire training, and what does it cover?
Fire training is not a separate course set out under the name of a single regulation; it is an obligation where three sets of rules meet:
- Law No. 6331 on Occupational Health and Safety, Art. 11 requires the employer to appoint a sufficient number of trained people for emergencies, including firefighting, to provide the necessary tools and equipment, and to arrange training and drills.
- The Regulation on Emergencies at Workplaces requires the support staff in the firefighting team to receive training specific to their duties, and this training to be documented with the signatures of the employer and the trainer.
- The Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire requires fire teams to be trained and a firefighting and evacuation drill to be held in the building at least once a year.
Fire and evacuation are also covered in the basic OHS training that all employees receive; however, this general knowledge does not replace the practical skills expected of the firefighting team. A team member who has never held an extinguisher may forget even to pull the pin in a real fire.
The aim of the training is not a certificate but the right behaviour in the first minutes. A small fire at its initial stage can be brought under control with the right extinguisher and the right technique; the wrong extinguisher (water on a live electrical panel, water on hot cooking oil) makes things worse. That is why our training has three parts:
- Theory: how fire starts, fire classes, the fire risks at your workplace, extinguisher types, alarm and evacuation
- Hands-on practice: extinguishing a controlled fire with a real extinguisher in a safe open area
- Drill: alarm, first response, evacuation and headcount using the scenario in your emergency plan
Bursa Sistemer delivers the theoretical and hands-on fire training with its own trainers. When planning fire training in Bursa, the practical part requires a safe open area at your workplace; if there is no suitable area, we plan the practical session together with you. In businesses with a high load of combustible materials, such as textiles, furniture, chemicals and plastics, and warehousing, we tailor the content to that business’s combustible substances and storage layout.
What does our fire training cover?
We link the theory to the real risks at your workplace, the practice to real extinguishers, and the drill to your emergency plan.
How fire starts and how to prevent it
We explain the fire triangle, ignition sources, hot work, electrical fires and the storage of combustible materials using examples from your workplace.
Fire classes
We teach participants to distinguish solid, liquid, gas and metal fires as well as cooking oil fires, and to choose the right extinguisher for each class.
Extinguisher types
We show where dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, foam and water extinguishers are effective and where they are dangerous.
Hands-on extinguishing
Participants use the extinguisher themselves on a controlled fire in a safe open area; distance, wind direction and the sweeping motion are corrected on the spot.
Evacuation and assembly
We work step by step through the alarm signal, escape routes, not using lifts, the assembly point and the headcount.
Team duties
We explain how duties are shared between the firefighting, rescue, protection and first aid teams, and that once the fire brigade arrives the teams come under the command of the fire officer in charge.
Drill
We combine the training with the scenario in your emergency plan, observe the drill and record the findings on the drill form.
Extinguisher check points
On site, we show participants the extinguisher’s location, how to keep it unobstructed, and how to read the pressure gauge and the inspection label.
Fire class and the right extinguisher
Classes A, B, C and D are defined in the Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire; the extinguisher type is chosen according to the class of fire.
| Fire class | Burning material | Suitable extinguisher | Avoid |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Solids such as wood, paper, fabric and plastic | Multi-purpose (ABC) dry chemical powder, water | — |
| B | Flammable liquids such as petrol, machine oil, paint and thinner | Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide, foam | Water; it splashes and spreads the burning liquid |
| C | Gases such as LPG, natural gas, acetylene and hydrogen | Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide | Putting out the flame before the gas flow is shut off; gas can build up and explode |
| D | Combustible metals such as magnesium, sodium and lithium | Dry metal powder (class D) | Water and standard extinguishers |
| F | Cooking oil in fryers and pans | Class F extinguisher, fire blanket | Water; it makes the burning oil erupt violently |
| Electrical | Live panels, motors and cables | Carbon dioxide, dry chemical powder | Water and foam; cut the power first if possible |
Class F is defined not in the regulation but in the TS EN 2 standard. Electrical is not a separate fire class but the setting in which the fire starts; the choice of extinguisher depends on whether the power has been cut.
How do we plan and deliver fire training?
Initial meeting and risk review
We review your risk assessment, emergency plan and inventory of extinguishers and fire installations, and identify the combustible materials and ignition sources at your workplace.
Participant and content plan
We plan content and duration separately for the firefighting team, other support staff and all employees, and form groups according to shifts.
Choosing the practice area
Together with you on site, we choose a safe open area for the practical part, away from buildings, vehicles and combustible materials, and assess wind and ground conditions.
Theory session
We explain fire classes and extinguisher selection with examples from your own workplace and show the locations of your extinguishers on the floor plan.
Hands-on extinguishing
We make sure every participant uses an extinguisher themselves, and correct the PULL, AIM, SQUEEZE, SWEEP steps and the safe distance during practice.
Drill and documentation
We complete the training with a drill covering the alarm, evacuation and headcount, and hand over attendance records, signed training records and the drill form.
Documents and records we deliver to you
- Training programme and participant list
- Signed training attendance records
- Training record for the firefighting team, signed by the employer and the trainer
- Hands-on training record for each participant
- Drill scenario and completed drill form
- Observation notes on extinguisher placement and access
- Training and drill findings to be added to the emergency plan
Expert notes: using extinguishers correctly, keeping the team ready
Using an extinguisher: PULL, AIM, SQUEEZE, SWEEP
A portable extinguisher empties within seconds; the first attempt has to be right.
- Pull: Hold the extinguisher upright and pull the safety pin. On models with a pressure gauge, check that the needle is in the green zone.
- Aim: Aim the hose or nozzle not at the top of the flames but at the base of the burning material.
- Squeeze: Squeeze the handle firmly; keep the wind and your escape route behind you.
- Sweep: Move the nozzle from side to side across the base of the fire, and move closer in a controlled way as the flames die down.
Do not leave the fire area immediately after extinguishing it; re-ignition can occur, especially with solid materials. A used extinguisher is not hung back in place, even if it looks partly full; it is set aside for refilling.
When not to try to put out a fire
Just as important as extinguishing technique is knowing when to give up. In the following situations, do not intervene; raise the alarm and start the evacuation:
- The fire has spread beyond the object where it started and is moving to its surroundings
- The area has filled with thick smoke or the escape route is behind the fire
- The extinguisher at hand is not suitable for the class of fire
- There is a gas leak and the flow cannot be shut off
Team size: the two regulations are read together
| Regulation | What does it require? |
|---|---|
| Regulation on Emergencies at Workplaces | For each of the firefighting, rescue and protection teams, at least 1 support staff member for every 30 employees in very hazardous, 40 in hazardous and 50 in less hazardous workplaces |
| Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire | In non-residential buildings with more than 50 occupants, firefighting and rescue teams of at least 3 people each, protection and first aid teams of at least 2 each; a team leader in every team |
The people chosen for the firefighting team should be employees who are always on site, spread across shifts and physically fit. A new team member should not be added to the list before receiving training.
Area and extinguishers for hands-on training
Practice with real fire takes place in an open area away from buildings, parked vehicles and stores of combustible materials, where smoke will not drift onto the surroundings and the ground is suitable. Practice is never carried out indoors, under a roof or near combustible materials. We choose the area together with you on site before the training and, if necessary, schedule the practical part on a different day from the theory.
The Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire requires portable extinguishers to be checked on site once a year, and the extinguishing agent to be renewed and a hydrostatic test to be carried out at the end of the fourth year. In the training, we also show participants how to read the inspection label on their own extinguishers; an expired cylinder is useless even in the hands of a trained team. The annual checks of extinguishers and of sprinkler, hydrant and detection systems also appear in the periodic inspection calendar for work equipment.
Prevention: topics we bring to the shop floor in training
Teaching people not to start a fire is as much a part of the training as teaching them to put one out. In the theory session we highlight the following topics, depending on your workplace:
- Clearing combustible materials from the surroundings during hot work such as welding, cutting and grinding, and checking the area when the job is finished
- Regular cleaning of combustible dust build-up such as textile lint and wood dust
- The layout of forklift and battery charging areas, and the load on extension cables and sockets
- Storing flammable liquids in closed, labelled containers and keeping quantities to a minimum
The most common gaps found during inspections
Untrained firefighting team
The firefighting team list is posted, but the people on it have not received hands-on training, or the training record does not bear the signatures of the employer and the trainer.
Theory-only training
The training was limited to a presentation; none of the participants has ever used an extinguisher.
No drill held
The firefighting and evacuation drill that must take place at least once a year has not been held, or the drill form has not been filled in.
Extinguisher unsuitable for the fire class
There is only a water extinguisher next to the electrical panel; the kitchen has no extinguisher or fire blanket suitable for cooking oil fires.
Inaccessible extinguisher
Extinguishers are blocked by materials or pallets, hung at an unsuitable height, or past their annual inspection date.
No team on the night shift
The entire firefighting team works the day shift; nobody on the night shift knows how to use an extinguisher.
What determines the service fee?
- Number of participants and training groups
- Scope and duration of the theory and hands-on parts
- Number of extinguishers used in the practice and refilling needs
- Whether there is a suitable open area for practice at your workplace
- Whether a drill is included in the training and the scope of the scenario
- Number of shifts and locations
Legal basis
- Law No. 6331 on Occupational Health and Safety, Art. 11 Appointment of trained people for emergencies including firefighting, provision of tools and equipment, and arranging training and drills.
- Regulation on Emergencies at Workplaces, Arts. 11 and 15 Ratios of support staff in the firefighting team; who may deliver team training, and documentation of the training with the signatures of the employer and the trainer.
- Regulation on Emergencies at Workplaces, Art. 13 A drill at least once a year; recording the date, the shortcomings observed and the improvements to be made on the drill form.
- Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire, Art. 99 Type, number, placement, travel distance and annual inspection of portable extinguishers.
- Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire, Arts. 126–130 Formation of fire teams, minimum numbers of members, their training, and at least one firefighting and evacuation drill a year.
Legislative information is provided for general guidance only; consult our specialists for an assessment specific to your business.
Fire Training for your industry
Textiles and Apparel
Apparel less hazardous; weaving and dyeing hazardous Managing noise, cotton dust, dyestuffs, steam boilers and sewing-line ergonomics in weaving, dyehouses and apparel production.Furniture and Wood Products
Furniture manufacturing (31.00.01) is hazardous An OHS plan for wood dust, cutting machinery, paints and varnishes and a high fire load at furniture makers in İnegöl and Bursa.Chemicals, Plastics and Rubber
Class is determined by the NACE code Compliance management for chemical exposure, explosive atmospheres, injection and extrusion machines, mold changes and storage.Logistics and Warehousing
Class is determined by the code of the main activity Safe warehouse operations: forklift-pedestrian segregation, racking systems, loading docks, shift work and manual handling.Food and Beverage Production
Class depends on the code; bread making is less hazardous OHS that manages cold rooms, slippery floors, cutting and filling machines, ammonia and steam risks together with hygiene and carrier screening.Fire Training: frequently asked questions
Is fire training mandatory for all employees?
All employees learn about fire, alarms and evacuation in their basic OHS training and in the emergency plan briefing. The specific training that includes hands-on use of extinguishers, however, is mandatory first and foremost for the support staff in the firefighting team. Even so, because the first response to a fire is often made by the nearest employee, we recommend that as many employees as possible take part in the practical part.
How often should fire training be repeated?
The Regulation on Emergencies at Workplaces does not set a separate refresher interval for firefighting team training; however, both regulations require a drill at least once a year. In practice, planning the drill and hands-on extinguishing together every year keeps the team’s skills alive. Every new team member should be trained before being added to the list, and the training content should be updated whenever a new combustible material, process or building change is introduced at the workplace.
What is needed for hands-on training?
A safe open area is needed: a place away from buildings, vehicles and stores of combustible materials, with suitable ground, where smoke will not affect the surroundings. Practice is never carried out indoors or under a roof. We agree in advance with you on the number of extinguishers to be used and the refilling of emptied cylinders. If there is no suitable area at your workplace, we plan the practical session together with you. On the day, we take weather conditions, especially the wind, into account and reschedule if necessary.
Which extinguisher is used where?
The multi-purpose (ABC) dry chemical powder extinguisher is the most common type in workplaces because it can be used on solid, liquid and gas fires. Carbon dioxide is preferred for electrical panels and electronic equipment, foam in areas with flammable liquids, dry metal powder for metal fires, and an extinguisher suitable for cooking oil fires in kitchens. The regulation provides for water or clean agent extinguishers to be preferred in places such as hospitals, care homes and nursery schools.
How many extinguishers do we need?
Under the Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire, there must be one 6 kg dry chemical powder extinguisher or equivalent for every 500 m² of construction area in low-hazard buildings, and for every 250 m² in medium- and high-hazard buildings. The travel distance to an extinguisher may not exceed 25 metres; car parks, storage areas and plant rooms also require a wheeled type. The hazard class here belongs to the fire regulation and is not the same as the OHS hazard class.
Who may deliver the training, and how is it documented?
The Regulation on Emergencies at Workplaces states that training for the firefighting, rescue and protection teams may be delivered by the workplace’s OHS specialist or workplace physician, as well as by institutions such as AFAD (the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority), fire brigades, municipalities and universities. The training is documented with the signatures of the employer and the trainer. We prepare the training records on this basis, ready for signature, and match them with the team list in your emergency plan.
Can the fire brigade take part in the drill?
The Regulation on the Protection of Buildings from Fire provides for the local fire brigade and civil defence organisations to be involved in training team personnel; once the fire brigade arrives at the scene, the teams come under the command of the fire officer in charge. At large facilities, the participation of the fire brigade in the drill can be discussed with the local fire service in advance. This allows the teams’ step of briefing the fire brigade and handing over the scene to be practised realistically. After the drill, we recommend adding the fire brigade’s observations to the drill form as well.
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