Safety and compliance
Risk Assessment Services in Bursa
We prepare the risk assessment not as a template filled in at a desk, but as a management tool built on site with a team, linking every measure to an owner and a date.
- Legal basis
- Law No. 6331, Art. 10; Regulation on Risk Assessment
- Renewal
- At least every 2 / 4 / 6 years (very / hazardous / less)
- Who carries it out
- A team set up by the employer
- Method
- Free choice; the method used is stated in the document
What is a risk assessment and how is it carried out?
A risk assessment is the set of activities carried out to identify hazards that exist at the workplace or may come from outside, to analyse and rank these hazards together with the factors that turn them into risks, and to decide on control measures. Article 10 of Law No. 6331 requires every employer to carry out a risk assessment or have one carried out; the details are set out in the Regulation on Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment.
The first thing to know when commissioning a risk assessment in Bursa is that it is not a one-person job. The regulation requires the assessment to be carried out by a team set up by the employer: the employer or their representative, the OHS specialist and the workplace physician, the employee representative, support staff and employees who know the work and represent all units. The employer may obtain outside support, but the team does not disappear.
The second point is the method. The regulation does not prescribe a specific method; it requires one or more methods chosen according to the company's activities, the nature of the hazards and the workplace's constraints, or according to national or international standards. Fine-Kinney, the L-type matrix, FMEA and HAZOP are widely used in practice, but none of them is named in the legislation. The method used is stated in the document.
The third point is timing. The assessment is renewed at least every 2 years in very hazardous workplaces, every 4 years in hazardous workplaces and every 6 years in less hazardous workplaces. In situations such as relocation, a new machine or chemical, a change in production method, an occupational accident, an occupational disease or a near miss, it is renewed fully or partially without waiting for this period to expire.
The 2026 base administrative fine for not carrying out a risk assessment is TRY 66,725; TRY 100,119 is applied for each month the breach continues, and the amounts are increased according to the size and hazard class of the workplace. The real loss, however, is that an assessment that exists only on paper cannot prevent an accident on site. At Bursa Sistemer OSGB (joint health and safety unit), we prepare the assessment with our OHS specialist and physician, involving your team at every stage.
What our risk assessment service covers
We apply the stages of the regulation in order and leave a record of each stage in the document.
Setting up the team
We form the team according to the composition in the regulation through written assignments and clarify who will take on coordination.
Site review and data collection
We combine accident, occupational disease and near-miss records, safety data sheets, measurement results and inspection findings with observations on site.
Choosing the method
We choose Fine-Kinney, the L-type matrix, FMEA or HAZOP depending on the nature of the department; where needed, we use more than one method at the same workplace.
Identifying measurement needs
For factors not measured before, such as noise, dust, chemicals or lighting, we plan measurements with authorised laboratories.
Control measures plan
We enter each measure in the plan together with the work steps, the responsible person or department, and start and end dates.
Calculating residual risk
Once a measure has been implemented, we score the risk again and plan new steps for risks that remain above the acceptable level.
Documentation
We deliver the document in print or electronically, with numbered pages initialled by the team and the last page signed.
Revision triggers
During visits we track changes that require renewal, such as accidents, near misses, new equipment or measurement results, and update the affected section.
Sample Fine-Kinney scoring: before and after
A fictional example for a company doing metalworking and storage. Risk = Probability × Frequency × Severity; classes follow the Fine-Kinney thresholds widely used in practice.
| Hazard and risk | Before (P × F × S) | Control measure | After (P × F × S) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hand entering the press die area; guard bypassed | 3 × 10 × 15 = 450 · intolerable | Light curtain and two-hand control, interlock preventing the guard from being bypassed, lockout-tagout instruction | 0.2 × 10 × 15 = 30 · possible risk |
| Forklift–pedestrian collision in the shipping area | 3 × 6 × 40 = 720 · intolerable | Pedestrian route separated by a physical barrier, mirrors at blind spots, speed limit and warning light | 0.5 × 6 × 40 = 120 · significant risk; as an additional measure, pedestrian access is restricted during loading hours |
| Rack collapse due to a damaged upright | 1 × 6 × 40 = 240 · substantial risk | Replacement of the damaged upright, upright protectors, load capacity labels, periodic rack inspection | 0.2 × 6 × 40 = 48 · possible risk |
| Corrosive chemical splash during dilution | 3 × 3 × 7 = 63 · possible risk | Closed transfer pump, eyewash, face shield and chemical-resistant gloves | 0.5 × 3 × 7 = 10.5 · negligible risk |
| Slips and falls on wet floors | 3 × 6 × 3 = 54 · possible risk | Eliminating the source of the leak, drainage, anti-slip floor coating | 1 × 6 × 3 = 18 · negligible risk |
Thresholds: below 20 negligible, 20–70 possible, 70–200 significant, 200–400 substantial, 400 and above intolerable. If the score after the measure is above the acceptable level, the control steps are repeated (Regulation on Risk Assessment, Art. 10/3).
How do we carry out the risk assessment?
Scope and team
We list departments, processes, shifts and subcontractors, and form the team according to the composition in the regulation through written assignments.
Data collection
We review occupational accident, occupational disease and near-miss records, safety data sheets, workplace measurement results, inspection findings and previous assessments.
Site tour and employee input
We walk through each department at the hours when the work is actually done, ask about non-routine work such as maintenance, cleaning and shift changes, and record employees' views.
Analysis and ranking
Using the chosen method, we score each hazard separately and rank the risks starting from the highest; we also assess interactions between departments.
Control measures
We first look to eliminate the hazard, then to replace it with something less hazardous and to tackle it at source. We prefer collective protection over personal protection and link every measure in the plan to an owner and a date.
Document and communication
The team initials the document, whose pages are numbered, and signs the last page. We explain the results to employees, their representatives and the employees of other employers who come to work at your site.
Monitoring and renewal
We follow the implementation of measures during visits and score the risk again once they are in place; we put the renewal date and change triggers on the calendar.
Documents and records we deliver to you
- Team assignment letters
- Hazard and risk inventory by department
- Description of the method used and scoring scales
- Risk analysis table showing before and after scores
- Control measures plan with owners, start and end dates
- List of workplace measurement and periodic inspection needs
- Numbered, initialled and signed risk assessment document
- Employee information records
- Schedule of the renewal date and revision triggers
Specialist notes: method choice, scales and renewal
Choosing a method: what the legislation says and what works on site
| Method | Calculation | Where it is strong | Watch out |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fine-Kinney | R = P × F × S | Assembly, storage, maintenance; work where frequency of exposure is decisive | Scales are open to interpretation; the team should use shared definitions |
| L-type matrix | R = Probability × Severity (5 × 5, 1–25) | Offices, retail and less hazardous work | Does not consider frequency separately; weak at fine distinctions |
| FMEA | RPN = Severity × Occurrence × Detection (1–1,000) | Machine and process failures; a common language with quality teams in the automotive supply industry | Cumbersome for risks arising from behaviour and ergonomics |
| HAZOP | Guide word × process parameter | Chemicals, paint shops, boilers and pressure systems | Requires a process diagram and a multidisciplinary team |
More than one method can be used within a single company: for example HAZOP for the paint shop, Fine-Kinney for the assembly line and the L-type matrix for the administrative building. The regulation requires that, even if the analysis is carried out separately for each department, the results are consolidated as a whole, taking into account the interaction between departments.
Fine-Kinney scales
Values widely used in practice:
- Probability (P): 0.2 practically impossible · 0.5 unlikely · 1 quite unlikely · 3 rare but possible · 6 quite possible · 10 very likely
- Frequency (F): 0.5 once a year or less · 1 a few times a year · 2 monthly · 3 weekly · 6 daily · 10 continuous
- Severity (S): 1 first aid only · 3 treatment without lost workdays · 7 lost workdays · 15 loss of limb or permanent damage · 40 fatality · 100 multiple fatalities
We define the scoring scale and the acceptable risk level at the start of the document, because the regulation links the acceptable risk level to legal obligations and the workplace's prevention policy.
When is it renewed?
The regulation lists seven situations that require renewal before the period expires:
- Relocation of the workplace or changes to buildings.
- Changes in technology, substances or equipment used.
- Changes in production method.
- An occupational accident, occupational disease or near miss.
- Changes in legislation on working environment limit values.
- Where workplace measurement or health surveillance results require it.
- A new hazard originating from outside the workplace.
Subcontractors and shared areas
A subcontractor carries out a risk assessment for its own work, or has one carried out, and gives a copy to the main employer; the main employer integrates it with its own assessment and checks that the measures are implemented. Employers sharing the same work area carry out the assessment in coordination. In places such as business centres, industrial zones or multi-unit complexes, the management takes on coordination.
The most common gaps found during inspections
A document copied from another workplace
Ready-made templates with the company name changed do not include your machines, your shifts or your accident history. A document prepared without a site tour and employee input is useless at the first accident.
Incomplete team, missing initials
An assessment carried out without the employee representative, support staff or department representatives does not meet the team requirement. Pages not initialled by the people who carried out the assessment are another common gap.
Measures without owners or dates
"Necessary measures will be taken" is not a plan. The regulation requires the work steps, the responsible person or department, and start and end dates for each measure.
Not calculating residual risk
After a measure has been implemented, the risk must be scored again. If the new level is above the acceptable level, the control steps are repeated.
No revision after an accident
An occupational accident, occupational disease or near miss is a reason for renewal without waiting for the period to expire. The root cause in the accident report should be reflected in the risk assessment.
Listing PPE as the first measure
The Law requires collective protection measures to take priority over personal protection. Writing down only gloves and goggles when an engineering control is possible leaves the risk to employee behaviour.
What determines the service fee?
- Number of departments, processes and workstations
- Number of employees and shift pattern
- Hazard class and special hazards such as chemicals and pressure systems
- The method to be used: HAZOP does not take the same effort as Fine-Kinney
- Subcontractor and shared-area coordination
- Need for workplace measurements and planning with authorised laboratories
- Whether it is prepared from scratch or is a revision of an existing document
Legal basis
- Law No. 6331 on Occupational Health and Safety, Art. 5 and 10 Principles of protection from risks and the priority of collective protection; the obligation to carry out a risk assessment or have one carried out.
- Regulation on OHS Risk Assessment, Art. 6–12 The team, stages, choice of method, control steps, documentation, 2/4/6-year renewal and reasons for renewal regardless of the period.
- Regulation on OHS Risk Assessment, Art. 14 and 15 Risk assessment for employers sharing the same area, business centres, and the relationship between main employer and subcontractor.
- Law No. 6331 on Occupational Health and Safety, Art. 26 Administrative fine for not carrying out a risk assessment and the increase by workplace size and hazard class.
Legislative information is provided for general guidance only; consult our specialists for an assessment specific to your business.
Risk Assessment for your industry
Metalworking and Machinery Manufacturing
Hazardous; laser cutting and plating very hazardous Limb injuries, lifting operations and equipment inspections on CNC, machining, welding, laser cutting and plating lines.Furniture and Wood Products
Furniture manufacturing (31.00.01) is hazardous An OHS plan for wood dust, cutting machinery, paints and varnishes and a high fire load at furniture makers in İnegöl and Bursa.Food and Beverage Production
Class depends on the code; bread making is less hazardous OHS that manages cold rooms, slippery floors, cutting and filling machines, ammonia and steam risks together with hygiene and carrier screening.Logistics and Warehousing
Class is determined by the code of the main activity Safe warehouse operations: forklift-pedestrian segregation, racking systems, loading docks, shift work and manual handling.Offices, Retail and Services
Typical office codes are less hazardous Ergonomics, display screen equipment, electrical safety, emergencies and psychosocial risk management for less hazardous offices, shops and service businesses.Risk Assessment: frequently asked questions
Can the OSGB prepare the risk assessment on its own?
No. The regulation requires the assessment to be carried out by a team set up by the employer: the employer or their representative, the OHS specialist and the workplace physician, the employee representative, support staff and employees representing the units. The employer may obtain outside services to support the team and may assign coordination to one of its members. We run the method, the site review and the document; without input from employees who know your departments, the assessment remains incomplete.
Which method do we have to use?
No specific method is mandatory. The regulation requires one or more methods chosen according to the company's activities, the nature of the hazards and the workplace's constraints, or according to standards. Fine-Kinney, the L-type matrix, FMEA and HAZOP are widely used in practice, but none of them is named in the legislation. What matters is that the chosen method is stated in the document and that the team understands the scales in the same way.
When is the risk assessment renewed?
At least every 2 years in very hazardous workplaces, every 4 years in hazardous workplaces and every 6 years in less hazardous workplaces. It is also renewed without waiting for the period to expire in the event of relocation or building changes, new technology, substances or equipment, a change in production method, an occupational accident, occupational disease or near miss, changes in limit value legislation, measurement or health surveillance results, or a new hazard from outside. You can track your dates with the OHS calendar.
We had a near miss. Do we have to redo the whole assessment?
Not necessarily. The regulation requires the assessment to be renewed fully or partially depending on whether the new risks affect the whole workplace or only part of it. For example, a forklift near miss in the shipping area requires reassessment of that area and of other departments where forklifts are used. We investigate the root cause of the event, re-score the relevant rows and add the new measures to the plan. We also record the date and reason for the revision in the document.
We use subcontractors. Who carries out their risk assessment?
Each subcontractor carries out a risk assessment for the work it performs, or has one carried out, and gives a copy to the main employer. The main employer provides the information and documents the subcontractor needs, integrates this work with its own assessment and checks whether the measures are implemented. In this integration we address the risks that maintenance, cleaning or installation teams create in your area.
What is the fine if there is no risk assessment?
The 2026 base amount is TRY 66,725; an additional TRY 100,119 is applied for each month the breach continues. Under Article 26/3 of Law No. 6331, these amounts are increased according to the workplace's number of employees and hazard class: for example, they double for a hazardous workplace with 50 or more employees. You can use the administrative fines tool for your own situation.
Can the risk assessment document be digital?
Yes. The regulation explicitly states that the document can be prepared and archived electronically or in similar media. The pages are numbered, the people who carried out the assessment initial each page and sign the last page, and the document is kept at the workplace. The document must include the workplace's name and address, the team members and the certificate details of the specialist and physician, the date and validity date, and the method used. Whatever the format, what matters is that the current version is accessible at the workplace.
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