In brief
The vocational training requirement applies to the 109 jobs in the regulation's Annex 1 list, and what is decisive is not the name of the workplace but the work the employee actually does. This article groups Annex 1 under metal, construction, chemicals and plastics, textiles and food, and matches common roles, from welder to sizing machine operator and from formwork carpenter to slaughterhouse worker, with the relevant lines. For an employee doing work not listed in Annex 1, no certificate is required under this regulation.
How to read the list of jobs requiring vocational training
The list people search for as the list of occupations requiring vocational training is in fact not a list of occupations but a list of jobs. Annex 1 of the Regulation on the Vocational Training of Persons to Be Employed in Work in the Hazardous and Very Hazardous Classes groups 109 lines under the headings exploration and drilling, metallurgy, stone and earth, metal, wood, construction, chemicals, spinning and weaving, paper, food, tobacco, energy, transport, agriculture, warehousing, communications and miscellaneous work. Instead of titles such as "welder" or "operator", the lines use job descriptions such as "all kinds of welding work".
Keep three rules in mind when reading the list:
- Scope: The regulation covers jobs in the hazardous and very hazardous classes that are specified in Annex 1 (Art. 2). At a less hazardous workplace, no certificate is required under this regulation.
- Actual work: Even if the workplace's main activity is hazardous, if the work the employee does is not in Annex 1, no certificate is required under this regulation (Art. 5/2). An accountant, sales representative or planning specialist is therefore outside the scope.
- Timing: Those who will work in Annex 1 jobs must have received vocational training before being hired (Art. 5/1). We explained the types of certificate, the difference between an MYK certificate and a course certificate, and the fines in detail in our vocational training certificate guide; this article focuses only on the question "which role falls under which line".
Vocational training in metal work
The metal heading is one of the busiest sections of Annex 1, and most automotive suppliers and machine manufacturers in Bursa and the surrounding provinces come across these lines. Commonly used lines from the headings metallurgy (lines 4–9) and metal and metal products (lines 17–28):
| Role | Annex 1 line | Scope of the line |
|---|---|---|
| Casting operator, melting furnace worker | 5, 6, 7 | Melting metals, casting, ladle work |
| Hot and cold press, forging operator | 6, 21 | Hot and cold forming by pressing, shaping iron by heating and forging |
| Heat treatment operator | 8 | Annealing, quenching and similar heat treatment |
| Welder, spot welding operator | 22 | Cold smithing and all kinds of welding work |
| Solderer | 24 | Lead welding work, series and continuous soldering |
| Lathe, CNC and grinding operator | 25 | Machining such as turning and fitting over 10 kg, and grinding |
| Wire drawing, cold rolling | 26 | Manufacture of cable, wire and strip |
| Automatic cold forming machine operator | 27 | Power-driven fully automatic machines |
| Plating, anodising, phosphating operator | 28 | Mechanical and chemical surface cleaning and protective coating |
The phrase "over 10 kg" in line 25 shows that not every machine doing machining is automatically within scope. Make the assessment for this line with your OHS specialist, together with the parts machined and the machine characteristics, and record the reasoning. For the risks of welding work, see our welder guide.
Vocational training in construction work
Line 31 under the construction heading is the broadest line in the list: it covers building, road, bridge, tunnel, infrastructure, drainage, foundation and demolition work and the use of vehicles, materials, fixed installations and equipment needed for this work. For this reason, formwork carpenters, steel fixers, bricklayers, plasterers, scaffold erectors, steel structure erectors and demolition workers actually doing construction work on site fall within this line in practice.
| Role | Annex 1 line |
|---|---|
| Formwork carpenter, steel fixer, bricklayer, plasterer, scaffold erector | 31 |
| Production and erection of prefabricated elements | 32 |
| Production of concrete elements, concrete batching plant worker | 33, 34 |
| Preparation and on-site application of building materials such as concrete, asphalt, gypsum and lime | 34 |
| Excavation, cutting and filling worker | 35 |
| Construction machinery operator | Within lines 31 and 35; one of the valid certificate types is an operator certificate issued by MEB or institutions authorised by MEB (Art. 6/1-c) |
Quarries, cement factories and brick, tile, ceramic and glass production are listed separately in lines 10–16 under the heading "stone and earth industry". For general OHS organisation on site, see our guide to OHS in construction work and our construction page.
Vocational training in chemical and plastics work
The chemicals heading covers lines 36–62 and includes paint, plastics, rubber and leather businesses as well as chemical plants:
| Role | Annex 1 line |
|---|---|
| Producing or working with acids and alkalis | 36 |
| Producing solvents, thinners and flammable substances and work with them | 37 |
| Production, storage and supply of gases such as natural gas, LPG and acetylene | 40 |
| Work requiring the use of dust and gas masks, protective hoods and clothing | 45 |
| Manufacture of paint and varnish, use of toxic and irritant paints | 47, 49 |
| Preparing and storing pesticides | 51 |
| Manufacture, maintenance and charging of accumulators | 55 |
| Production of vegetable and animal oils | 57 |
| Tannery worker | 58 |
| Rubber and tyre production | 61 |
| Injection moulding, extrusion and blow moulding operator | 62 |
Pay particular attention to line 45: alongside work using explosives, the text of the line also lists "work in which the use of dust and gas masks, protective hoods, clothing and other protective equipment is compulsory". Although the line sits under the chemicals heading, its wording is broad; assess roles in which respiratory protection or protective clothing is mandatory because of chemical exposure against this line with your OHS specialist. For the risks of plastic forming work, see our injection moulding machine guide and our chemicals and plastics page.
Vocational training in textile work
The spinning, weaving and clothing industry heading is lines 63–67. Under this heading it matters which jobs are listed by name and which are not:
- 63: Work in cotton ginning factories
- 64: Opening, sizing, carding, pressing and starching of cotton, linen, wool, silk and the like
- 65: Cleaning, dyeing, singeing, bleaching, printing and finishing of all kinds of raw and finished materials
- 66: Preparation and production in the manufacture of artificial silk
- 67: Manufacture of oilcloth, felt, wadding and similar materials, and turning waste into fibre
Accordingly, dyehouse, printing, bleaching and finishing operators and sizing machine operators need a certificate. Weft and warp work on the weaving loom, however, is not listed separately in these lines; whether a certificate is needed in a weaving business is determined by whether the work the employee actually does falls under another line (e.g. maintenance and lubrication of moving machinery in line 76, storage and loading in line 84, packaging in line 108). Garment making (14.21.01 outerwear) is in the less hazardous class in the 2025 NACE list; a less hazardous workplace does not fall within the scope of this regulation. For the risks of weaving halls, see our guide to weaving businesses and our textile page.
Vocational training in food work
The food industry heading consists of only two lines: 71 (slaughter, processing and packaging of animals, and offal facilities) and 72 (production, refining and packaging of salt). However, many roles in food businesses fall under lines in other headings:
| Role | Annex 1 line |
|---|---|
| Slaughterhouse and meat cutting worker | 71 |
| Vegetable oil production worker | 57 |
| Silo worker | 106 |
| Filling and packing line worker | 108 |
| Warehouse, loading and unloading worker | 84 |
| Technician carrying out maintenance and lubrication | 76 |
Not every food business is in scope: for example, bread making (10.71.02) is in the less hazardous class in the 2025 NACE list. First verify your workplace's class with our hazard class guide. For the risks of food machinery, see our food machinery guide and our food page.
Common lines you will meet in every sector
Some lines are independent of sector and concern at least one employee at almost every hazardous workplace:
- 75: Generation, transmission and distribution of electricity; electrical maintenance and repair work
- 76: Lubrication, repair and cleaning of moving machinery, engines and transmissions
- 77–80: Carrying loads heavier than 25 kg without a vehicle, 50 kg with a wheelbarrow, 60 kg with three- or four-wheeled carts, and carrying by tipper wagon
- 84: Warehousing, storage, loading and unloading in depots, bonded warehouses and warehouses
- 105: Maintenance, servicing and repair of vehicles
- 107: Printing work
- 108: Packaging, packing and filling of solid and liquid products
To match your business's roles with Annex 1 together and list missing certificates, you can contact us through our vocational training service. Bursa Sistemer OSGB plans vocational training through solution partners working under public education centre protocols: MEB-approved, 40-hour modules are chosen together with the business according to its line of production. The 2026 base administrative fine for breaching the vocational training obligation is 8,980 TL per employee. For risks specific to the metal sector, see also our metal and machinery page.
Frequently Asked Questions
How many jobs are in the Annex 1 list?
The Annex 1 list consists of 109 lines, grouped under headings such as exploration and drilling, metal, construction, chemicals, textiles, food, energy, transport and miscellaneous work. The lines contain job descriptions, not titles.
Is a vocational training certificate needed at a less hazardous workplace?
This regulation covers jobs in the hazardous and very hazardous classes that are specified in Annex 1. At a less hazardous workplace, no certificate is required under this regulation; however, certificate requirements introduced by other legislation should be assessed separately.
Which line does a forklift operator fall under?
Forklift use is usually assessed together with storage, loading and unloading work (line 84). The certificates accepted as valid in the regulation include an operator certificate issued by MEB or institutions authorised by MEB.
What happens if an employee does two separate Annex 1 jobs?
The certificate must be suited to the work done. If a maintenance technician does both machine lubrication and repair and welding, their certificate must cover both jobs; if it does not, a separate certificate is obtained for the missing work.
Position-by-position certificate checks for hazardous and very hazardous work, and MEB-approved 40-hour vocational training modules provided through our solution partners.
Bursa SİSTEMER OSGB Technical Team — written from the field experience of our OHS specialists and workplace physicians. Legal information is valid as of the publication/update date; contact us for an assessment specific to your business.